Prolog / 序言

世界上有一種奇特的基因只在38個人身上發現，科學家對這種基因所製造的物質寄予重望，它可能成為治療動脈硬化症的革命性新藥，一間生化科技公司利用這種基因，希望能大量製造治療動脈硬化症的藥物。
There exists a unique gene that can only be found in 38 human beings. Scientists are looking forward to taking advantage of it, for the reason that it may be a revolutionary new treatment for arteriosclerosis. A bio-tech company is using this gene in hopes to create a drug for the treatment of disorder.?

只要科學家發現一種基因有治療效果，人們就會投注大量金錢，研發原先人們難以想像的藥物和治療方法。一九九七年複製羊的誕生造成全球轟動，為了研發血友病的藥物，科學家在複製寶莉時將人類基因植入她的細胞。。
As long as scientists have introduced a new form of gene therapy, people will invest in it a great deal of money, trying to create drugs and treatment that we previously could never have imagined. In 1997, the birth of a sheep named Dolly caused a sensation around the world. Then, in order to figure out a treatment for hemophilia, scientists duplicated a second sheep named Polly, one that this time was implanted with human genes.
利用青蛙所製造的物質或爬蟲類胚胎細胞上的蠑螈基因，心臟或腎臟等器官也可以實驗室內培養，科學家已開始觀察這種方法，它很可能成為未來培養人類器官的技術。
By utilizing the substances made by frog and reptile embryonic cells, put in Newt genes, we have the chance to cultivate hearts, kidneys, and other organs in the laboratory. Scientists have begun work in this regard, which is most likely a future means of cultivating human organs.
如今，操縱基因創造出品質合意的小孩，已經不限於科幻小說的情節，有些科學家預言，不久就會有"基因設計小孩"，利用遺傳工程設計出配合父母喜好的個性和天賦。
以基因設計小孩超越了所有的限制，因為它代表的是一種觀念，在胚胎中加入任何父母身上沒有的基因，這些基因完全沒有限制，可以在胚胎中加入基因，也可以取出原有的基因，改變胚胎基因的方式可說是無窮無盡。而這種科技已經研發出來，科學家每天在實驗室裡把基因加入老鼠胚胎內，這方法也已經用在，羊、豬、牛的身上，以及各種可想見的哺乳類，當然這個方法也可以應用在人類身上。
Nowadays, manipulating genes to create “qualified children” is no longer limited to science fiction storylines. Some scientists even predict that we will soon have what are called “designer babies.” That is, by the request of parents who prefer certain personalities and talents, doctors use genetic engineering to design “perfect babies.”
All limits will be surpassed by “designer babies” because it represents a concept: we are allowed to introduce genes not from the parents’ bodies, there are no limits, traits can be added and took away at will. The changes and combinations that make up embryonic genes are, therefore, endless. This kind of technology has been developed, with scientists currently adding to mouse embryonic genes, each day, in laboratory experiments. Also, this method has been used in sheep, pigs, cattle, and many other kinds of mammals; of course, this method can also be applied to humans.
廿一世紀通常被稱為"基因的世紀"，當我們聽到不久後人類將能設計下一代不禁會讚嘆起，遺傳科學的神速進步，同時，我們是否應該如此熱切期待這些進步？
We often refer to the 21st century as the "Century of the Gene.” When people heard that humans would soon be able to design the next generation, they could not help but be awed and amazed by how science has progressed. However, at the same time, should we look forward to these advances? ?

染色體
人類基因計畫從一九八八年，開始瞭解人體藍圖的努力就已經在各國展開，世界各地的科學家致力於"人類基因計畫"，他們希望在2003年底解碼出所有基因。
Chromosome
Human genome program starts from 1988, aims to understand how human body works. Scientists from all over the world devoted on the “human genome project ", and they hope to decode all genes by 2003.
人體約有60兆個細胞，每個細胞內有一個細胞核，細胞核中有46個染色體，染色體解開後，變成一條細長的線，單一細胞內所有的絲線總長約兩公尺，這些線的直徑只有頭髮寬度的千分之四十，這條細長的線就叫做DNA（去氧核糖核酸），而DNA只有一小部份是基因。從電子顯微鏡下的DNA可看出，它其實是以螺旋狀纏繞的雙股分子，在這個螺旋雙股之間其實只有四種物質，包括腺嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、胞嘧啶、鳥糞嘌呤，分別以字首為簡稱A、T、G、C，乍看之下這些物質的排列似乎沒有道理，但它們其實排列成一種遺傳密碼，為了避免糾結，細長的DNA纏繞成許多小捲，當細胞分裂時，它就纏繞大捲，變成染色體。
Human body comprises approximately 60 trillion cells, each cell has a cell nucleus, and nucleus has 46 chromosomes. If we unties chromosome, it will become a long thin line. It’s about two meters long total, the diameter of the wire width only forty one thousand of human hair. This slender line is called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). And only a small part of the DNA is gene. By seeing from electron micrograph, it is in fact a spiral-bound double-stranded molecule. There are four heterocyclic bases in this spiral double-ply, - two of which were purines [adenine (A) and guanine (G)] while the other two were pyrimidines [cytosine (C) and thymine (T)]. At first glance it seems that these substances are not reasonable in arrangement, but they actually make a genetic code. In order to avoid entanglement, slender DNA wind into many small parts. When a cell is splitting, it’ll wind to large volumes, and finally, into chromosomes.
在一個人體細胞內有46個染色體，46個染色體所寫的密碼，約有600億個組合，相當於700冊的百科全書，A、T、G、C四個字母的密碼，則寫在這些書本上，這些密碼形成了人類的藍圖，此刻科學家正在解讀它們。有一種基因能預防動脈硬化症，全世界只存在38個人身上，這38個人全住在義大利北方的里蒙尼村。里蒙尼位在阿爾卑斯山上，靠近加爾達湖，人口不到一千人。二次大戰期間墨索里尼在這裡建造了一條軍事隧道，在此之前，每星期只有一艘船會經過里蒙尼村，擁有這種獨特基因的人叫做"波大多人"，這個字在義大利文的意思就是"攜帶者"。
A human cell comprises 46 chromosomes. 46 chromosomes have about 600 million combinations of code, and it equivalent to 700-volume encyclopedia. Four letters A, T, G, C have been written in these books. These codes formed a human blueprint, and, scientists are trying to interpret them now. There is a gene can prevent arteriosclerosis, but only can be found in 38 individuals. All of thesis people lived in Italy, the North of the village. The village is in the Alps, near the Garda Lake. Its population is less than one thousand. During the Second World War, Mussolini has constructed a military tunnel. Prior to this, only one boat will go through this village every week. Those people with the unique gene have been known as "波大多人", the word in Italian means "Carriers".

發現這種基因的人是席賽西托利博士，當他為國家鐵路局的一名員工做體檢時，發現到有些不尋常的地方，他把這項結果送交科學界，但科學界卻完全置之不理。米蘭大學席賽西托利博士認為，對於"A1米蘭諾蛋白質"的攜帶者來說，他們擁有某些好處，例如可能免於飲食所帶來的危害，他們不需擔心飲食可以隨心所欲地吃，因為"A1米蘭諾"可以有效清除動脈裡的膽固醇。這位鐵路局的員工是西托利博士第一個發現的人，他住在里蒙尼村，西托利博士為他所有的家人做檢查，大女兒艾曼紐拉檢查結果正常，二女兒維勒芮拉和父親的膽固醇標準一樣，大兒子馬可檢查的結果也相同，因此這種奇特的體質似乎和遺傳有關。

The person who found this gene is Dr. Sitoli, taught in Milan University. When he was doing physical examination to an employee in State Railways, he found something unusual. He hands in the results to the scientific community, but is completely ignored. Dr. Sitoli thinks, for "A1 Milano protein" carriers, they have certain advantages, such as less concern about food harm. They don't need to worry about diet, because "A1 Milano" can effectively remove arteries of cholesterol. The railway administration staff is the first person he discovered. This worker lives in Christ's village, Dr. Sitoli did the same exam to all of his family. The eldest daughter Emmanuel la’s inspection results is normal, second daughter Tawil Reba la has the same result as father’s, and the eldest son Marco result is the same. Therefore, they claim it seems this peculiar constitution be genetic.
馬可同意讓西托利博士深入研究波大多人的秘密，馬可的妻子博歐拉並不是波大多人，他們即將迎接第一個孩子。醫生替馬可夫婦兩人抽血。血液細胞也含有基因，馬可和博歐拉的基因有何不同？如果要瞭解馬可的體質特徵，就必須在染色體中尋找答案，在馬可和博歐拉兩人身上，他們染色體的差異只是一個字，就在11號染色體的某一個遺傳密碼上，在馬可這位波大多人身上遺傳密碼字母是T，在博歐拉這位正常人身上，遺傳密碼字母則是C，為什麼這個字母的差別會影響人類的健康？
Marco agrees to let Dr. Sitoli to do further researches. Marco's wife Bo Euler is not a 波大多人. Doctor draws their blood. Blood cells have genes too. But what are the differences between Marco and Bobby Euler's genes? If we want to learn more about Marco's physical characteristics, we must find out the chromosome. In Marco and Bobby Euler’s body, their difference in chromosome is only in one letter. It’s in a particular code on 11th chromosome. In Mark’s gene, this letter is T, but the Euler’s is C. Why will this letter difference affects human health?

Film clip : DNA-1-1

蛋白質
基 因非常細密而複雜，但事實上基因只執行單一的工作，也就是製造蛋白質，蛋白質的組成分子是20種不同的胺基酸，遺傳密碼由三個字母組成，依這三個字母的不 同配對，就會有一種胺基酸產生。馬可和博歐拉之間的差異在博歐拉身上，遺傳密碼是CGC，這代表胺基酸鮭卵酸；在馬可身上T變成了C，使他的遺傳密碼變成 TGC，它會引出Cysteine胺基酸。
Genes are very sophisticated and complex. But in fact they perform only one single function, which is, producing protein. Protein is composed of 20 different amino acids, the genetic code consists of three letters. Using these three letters by different combination, we can produce different types of amino acid. The differences between Marco and Bobby Euler lie on that. Bo Euler, whose code is CGC, which represented the amino acid salmon eggs acid. However, the T turned into C in Marco's body, making his genetic code changing into TGC, which draws Cysteine amino acid out.
細胞的中心是細胞核，在細胞核內的綠色絲線是DNA，它們含有十萬個基因，馬可的一個基因開始工作，首先在十萬個不同基因中，只有需要的基因才會被收集複 製，這些被挑選的遺傳密碼會被一字一字地複製，複製的DNA離開了細胞核，5它們很快就被捉住並被解譯，當複製基因內的三聯碼被讀取時，專屬的胺基酸就會 被引出並加入建造蛋白質的行列，在大多數的人身上最後建造出來的蛋白質都是單獨奮戰，但是在波大多人身上由於有一個相異的胺基酸，蛋白質形成了不同的形 狀，因此使這種蛋白質和別的蛋白質結成一對運作，就是因為如此波大多人排除的膽固醇，是一般人的三到五倍。
The center of cell is nucleus, and the green line in nucleus is DNA. They contain 100 000 genes. While one gene begins to work in Marco’s body, only needed genes will be collected and replicated from thousand of different genes. These chosen genetic codes will be replicated word by word, after they left the cell nucleus, they will be caught and decoded at once. When triple code within the duplicating genes has been read, exclusive of amino acids will come out and join the process of producing the protein. For most of the people, their final protein needs to do their work alone. However, one of the gene which founded in 波大多人’s body functioned very different. The protein formed to several different shapes, which makes this type of protein can function together with other proteins as a pair. This becomes the main reason why 波大多人 excluded three to five times of cholesterol comparing to normal people.
人體有時候柔軟而脆弱，有時候強健而富活力，蛋白質是身體的重要建材 而我們的基因一個一個製造出這些蛋白質。人類的頭髮和指甲是由角素蛋白質所製成，肌動蛋白質和肌素蛋白質是構成肌肉的要素，蛋白質也將細胞的化學物質傳送 到身體各部位。人類的身體內有無數的蛋白質正在運作，維繫著生命，人體藍圖是含有十萬個蛋白質的所有個體藍圖的總和。
Human body sometimes is soft and weak, but other time is strong and energetic. Protein is the most important building materials in our body. Human hair and nail are produced by the angle of proteins, muscle protein and protein myostatin is the major elements to construct our muscle. Protein also carries the chemical substances to the body parts. The human body has numerous operating proteins. We can say that our human body blueprint is constructed by nearly 100,000 proteins. ?
西托利博士相信波大多人約在三百萬年，在里蒙尼村形成，也就是達諾里家族的老家，在里蒙尼村的中心有一座聖本篤教堂，教堂內的古文獻記載保存了清楚的證 據，由於里蒙尼村在二次大戰之前與世隔絕，因此數代以來村民幾乎都是相互通婚，現存的38位波大多人也在這些記錄裡，西托利博士研究了達諾里家族許多世 代，最後終於發現最初的波大多人喬凡尼波瑪洛利，出生於1654年，據信這個人的身上發生了基因突變，使他成為所有波大多人的始祖。
Dr. Sitoli strongly believes that 波大多人 lived in 里蒙里村village about 3 million years ago. There is a church named Saint Benedict in the central of the village, and all the ancient records have been safely kept. While this village is isolated from the world before the World War II, the villagers are always mutually intermarriage. The existing 38 people were also kept in these records. Sitoli has been researched for many generations of the Danori family, and finally found the original 波大多人, who was born in 1654, it is believed that this person got a gene mutation, making him become the ancestor of many 波大多人.
基因只能經由突變而改變，但基因也會將親代特徵準確地傳給孩子，基因的這兩個特性，造成了波大多基因的發生，也因此代代相傳了三百年。在里蒙尼村相傳數代的基因，是否會再傳給下一代？
Gene can only change through mutation, but also can transmitted to children. The two major characteristics bring out the occurrence of 波大多 gene. Also, this gene has been passing on for almost three hundred years. And now we wonder if this gene will pass on for our next generation or not.??

Film clip : DNA-1-2

DNA
人的誕生從受精卵開始，一個精子穿入卵子，把它的DNA傳送到卵內，被精子送入卵子內的父親的DNA，與原本在卵子內的母親的DNA，父母雙方的藍圖漸漸靠近，變成一個藍圖，這是新生命的開始，然後在細胞分裂下，受精卵變成兩個細胞，再變成四個細胞。染色體也在細胞分裂時複製，因此每個細胞都有相同的染色體，這就是為什麼人體內的60兆個細胞，每個都有父母所給的相同遺傳藍圖，遺傳藍圖讓心臟、肝臟這些器官都各得其所，也讓我們都長出手和腳。
People life begins from a Zygote. A sperm pass through an egg cell, passing its DNA into the egg. The sperm and egg cell which individually carry father and mother’s DNA become closer and closer, finally, become a blueprint, this is the start of a new life. And then the cell will split from one to two, then four. Chromosome has also been copied during the split process, so that each cell has the same chromosome. This is the main reason why each human body cell has the same genetic blueprint. Genetic blueprint makes heart, liver and other organs grow in the right position, and also make us grow hands and legs.
如果人體內60兆個細胞都有相同的基因，為什麼會心臟細胞會長在心臟？而手的細胞會長在手的地方？答案是，我們的基因還有另一個密碼，如果這個密碼失靈了，人體就無法製造出新的部位。三字母遺傳密碼負責製造我們身體的器官，除了這種三聯碼之外，還有負責解開器官藍圖的密碼，器官的藍圖通常是鎖著的，當插入合適的鑰匙時，藍圖就會打開可以製造器官。什麼鑰匙可以打開這個遺傳藍圖？這把鑰匙就是基因所製造的蛋白質，另一個密碼就在基因裡。 ?
If all the human body cells have the same gene, why heart and hand’s cell will grow in different places? The answer is, our genes have another password, if the password malfunctions, the human body cannot produce new parts. Three letters of the genetic code are responsible for producing body organs. In addition to this triple code, there are also other organ blueprint passwords which are responsible for decoding organs blueprint. When you insert the correct key, blueprint will open and then can produce organs. Which key can we use to open the genetic blueprint? Protein is the key, and another password is inside our genes.?

Film clip : DNA-1-3

鎖和鑰匙
為了找出方法替代人類因為疾病或意外所失去的四肢，日本德島大學的野路水原博士正在研究雞翅膀或上半肢的生長機制，野路博士在雞的初期胚胎內注入某一種蛋白質，兩天後，在胚胎內出現了上半肢的隆起形狀，只要一種蛋白質就可以解開數千個基因，讓它們製造額外的上肢，這種製造關鍵蛋白質的基因叫做"主鑰匙基因"。DNA通常都是捲起鎖好的，主鑰匙基因製造的蛋白質，尋找和它們呼應的字母，然後就附在上面，當它們附在上面時就會產生化學反應，這種化學反應會打開鎖，而附近的DNA也解開了，當DNA露出來時，它就能和酵素一起複製基因，這些複製的基因再製造出人體的各部位。只有在主鑰匙基因一個個打開數千個的基因時，一個完整的器官例如心臟，才可能被製造出來，但光是這樣還無法完成人類的身體，有一樣東西決定著主鑰匙基因在體內工作的位置，除非它出現了，人類就不會有心臟、手或腳，那是一種特殊的主鑰匙基因，就像下達命令的總指揮官。
In order to find out the method to substitute lost limbs by illness or accident, Dr. wild road Suwon from Rhode Island College in Japan is researching on chicken wings or upper limb’s growth mechanism. Dr. injected a kind of protein at the initial stage of the chicken embryo. Two days later, the shape of upper limb occurred in the embryo. We need only one protein to unlock thousands of genes, enabling them to make additional limb. The manufacture of this key protein of gene, are called primary key genes. DNA is often locked up. The main key protein gene will look for its corresponded letter and then stick on it. When they are attached to the top, a chemical reaction will begin. This reaction will open the locks, and also in the vicinity of the DNA. While DNA appeared, it can replicate genes with enzyme. These duplicated genes will reproduce each part of the human body. Only when one primary key gene open thousands of genes, a complete organs such as heart, can be made. But we cannot complete the human body in this stage, one thing determines the primary key genes’ position in the body, unless it appears, that there would be no human hearts, hands or feet, it is a special primary key genes like Total Commander of the order.
羅絲霍夫曼是賓州一所高中的戲劇和英國文學老師，她打從一出生開始右手的中指和無名指就黏合在一起，這是因為指揮的主鑰匙基因在作怪。羅絲有11個兄弟姊妹，她是最小的，他們家有8個孩子都有彎曲和短小的手指，在這8個兄弟姊妹中，有些人動了手術截去一隻手指頭，有些人則在工作上遇到歧視。羅絲的右手因為有一個短小的手指骨頭導致手指變形，指揮的主鑰匙基因對羅絲的手指造成什麼影響？
Rose Hoffman is a Pennsylvania high school drama and English literature teacher. Her middle finger and ring finger has been sticking together since her childhood. This is all about something wrong with the primary key gene. Rose had 11 brothers and sisters, she was the youngest. Eight out of 11 children have bent and short fingers. Some people went to cut off one finger, while others experience discrimination at work. Rose's right hand was twisted caused by the short little finger bones. What did the primary gene do to Rose’s fingers?
1995年醫學諾貝爾獎得主艾德華路易斯博士，和他的同事預測到有一種指揮主鑰匙基因的存在，後來醫界也找到了這種基因，為了研究這種基因，路易斯博士決定研究果蠅，人類在這種生物身上已經做過許多遺傳研究，路易斯博士首先開始收集先天性突變的果蠅，有些果蠅多了兩隻腳，有些沒有翅膀或多了兩片翅膀。路易斯博士花了三十年繼續繁衍變種果蠅，仔細觀察它們所產下的後代，因為這項研究的結果，路易斯博士認為在一萬多個基因中，理論上至少有8個不同的指揮基因，負責決定果蠅身體內哪一個部位要長出腳和翅膀，於是他宣佈了操縱基因這項假說。
Dr. Edward Louis who won Nobel Prize in 1995 and his colleagues predicted the existence of primary gene. Later on, it was found by the medical profession. In order to know more about this gene, Dr. Louis decided to do research on Diptera (fruit fly). A few researches have been done on this creature. Dr. Louis started to collect congenital mutation fruit fly, some of them have two more feet, while others have no wings. He spent thirty years to multiply fruit fly, and observe carefully about their generation. According to the result, Dr. Lewis believed that among nearly a million gene, at least eight different primary gene existed. They are responsible for deciding the positions of organs. Therefore, he declared the theory about Operator Gene.

Film clip : DNA-1-4

操縱基因
Operator Gene
負責指揮的主鑰匙基因，後來就被稱為操縱基因，路易斯博士在1976年宣佈他的假說時，當時醫學界解讀基因的方法和工具還很落後，因此這項假說一直無法證實。在艾德華路易斯博士宣佈他的假說七年後，當時在巴賽爾大學任職的威廉麥金尼博士，發現了果蠅的指揮基因，麥金尼博士所證實的第一個指揮基因，是讓胸部第二部位生長的操縱基因，這種特殊的基因裡面有一個180字母的遺傳密碼，就是這把鑰匙讓這個基因可以下達命令，讓主鑰匙基因製造腿和翅膀。麥金尼博士發現的是XXX基因的一小部份，這個部份可以用來找出果蠅所有其它的操縱基因。
The primary gene is now called Operator Gene. In 1976, While Dr. Lewis announced his hypothesis; it was unable to be proved because of the backward methods and tools. After seven years of Dr. Lewis’ presentation, Dr. William McKinney, who was taught in the Basel University, found out the operator gene in fruit fly’s body. This operator gene controls the growth in the second part of the chest. This special gene has a 180 letters genetic code, which is the key that gives the gene the power to give orders and make legs and wings. What Dr. McKinney found is a small part of XXX gene, we can use it to identify other operator genes in fruit flies body. ?????
麥金尼博士接著開始研究其他的生物，尋找標示出操縱基因的180個字母遺傳密碼，然後出現了驚人的發現，果蠅身上發現了八個不同的操縱基因，但幾乎全部相同的操縱基因也存在人類身上，在人類身上有13個操縱基因，並區分成四組A、B、C、D，這四組的多種組合製造出複雜的人體結構。
Dr. McKinney then began to study other creatures, looking for the 180 letters of the genetic code. He got a surprising finding, he found out eight different operator genes in fruit flies’ body. Also, almost all of the same gene can find in human’s body too. The humans have 13 operator genes, and they are divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D). The combinations of these four groups produce the complex human structure. ?
這些操縱基因中有一個基因，參與了羅絲霍夫曼的手的形成過程，在這個基因裡面就在2號染色體的位置，突變造成了一組額外的字母，它是麥金尼博士所發現的一種人類操縱基因－D13基因。在手的形成過程中，操縱基因首先發命令給製造手的主鑰匙基因，接到這個命令後細胞分裂開始發生，上肢也開始生長，到了末端，基因下達另一個命令要求某些細胞自殺，這就是手指分開的原因。操縱基因首先命令隆起，然後命令分開，人類手掌的複雜形狀就是這樣產生的，此時在上肢裡面負責製造骨骼的操縱基因，也開始工作，第9個操縱基因命令肩胛和骨鎖骨的製造，第10個命令肱骨，第11個操縱基因命令尺骨和橈骨的製造。
One of the genes in those operator genes involved the process of Hoddman’s hand formation. This gene was founded by Dr. McKinney, which is named D13. In the process of producing hands, the operator genes give order to primary gene, and the cell will start to split. Upper extremity will begin to grow too. To the end, gene release command requires certain cell to command suicide. This is why our fingers can separate to each other. Operator genes command to uplift at first, and then command to get separated. At this time, the operator gene in the upper extremity also starts to work. Operator gene No. 9 is responsible for scapular and bone clavicle. GeneNo.10 is responsible for humerus. And GeneNo.11 is responsible for ulna and radius.
骨骼細胞從不同的操縱基因得到命令並工作，收到相同命令的骨骼細胞會集合在一起，個別形成不同命令的骨頭，操縱基因也會決定個別骨頭的細胞密度，因此它們會命令哪些骨頭要短一點，哪些骨頭要長一點。在A13和D1操縱基因的命令下，手指骨頭會形成長的骨頭，在手腕的骨頭只接受A13基因的命令，所以會變成短的骨頭，以羅絲為例，醫生相信是因為D13基因發生了突變，導致短的手指骨頭產生。當操縱基因在工作時，如果有一種物質出現，即使它只是類似基因所製造的蛋白質，都會導致形狀發生不正常。
Bone cells receive command from different operator genes and then start to work. Those cells who receive the same command will gather together. Operator gene will also determine the density of each bone. Therefore, they’ll decide the length of the bones. In the A13 and D1 operator gene, finger bones will grow into long bones. The wrist bones only accept A13 gene’s command, so they will be grow into short bones. Take Rose for example, doctors believe that the D13 gene occur mutations, resulting in shorter finger bones. While generator genes are working, if there is any substance, even if it is just protein, it will lead to abnormal shapes.?
人體的形成從一個受精卵開始，來自父母的基因不斷被複製，因此人體內的每個細胞//都有相同的藍圖，13種操縱基因很快開始工作，形成人體的各部位。在這些部位中，操縱基因發佈命令給個別的主鑰匙基因，它們負責製造手、心臟和所有的人體其他部位，主鑰匙基因接收命令，然後命令它們負責的基因製造蛋白質，這些蛋白質就會變成不同部位，就像一件大型骨牌陣的其中一塊骨牌，操縱基因引發所有的基因反應，開始製造蛋白質，因而創造人體複雜的結構。
The formation of the human body starts a Zygote. The genes come from parents has been replicated nonstop. The each cell in our body has the same blueprints. 13 kinds of operator genes start to work soon, and form every part of our body. In these parts, operator genes are responsible for commanding each primary gene. Those primary genes are responsible for producing hands, heart and all the other parts of the human body. After the primary genes receive commands, they’ll give orders to other genes to produce protein. These proteins will become different parts. Just like domino effect, operator genes initiate all the gene reaction, and then start to produce protein.
羅絲有兩個女兒艾曼達霍夫曼與泰瑞莎霍夫曼，兩姊妹都遺傳了突變的基因，兩姊妹在出生後不久都動過加長手指骨頭的手術，當羅絲結婚時她原本不打算生小孩，她不希望她的孩子也經歷她所受過的痛苦。但是羅絲的先生羅伯霍夫曼，鼓勵她並改變她的想法，當羅絲第一次懷孕時她接受檢驗，結果顯示突變基因已經傳給她的孩子，但霍夫曼夫婦想要這個孩子。羅絲希望將來當兩個女兒面對困難決定時，她可以做她們的精神支柱，總有一天她們要認真思考婚姻和做母親的問題。一個基因裡面的小小差異，就改變了羅絲的手，她的生活很豐富，她慷慨地讓別人瞭解，並分享她這個人的生命，這是羅絲希望她能傳給下一代的特質。
Rose has two daughters, Amanda Hoffman and Teresa Hoffman. Both of them inherited mutations genes from their parents. They did a surgery to make their finger longer right after their birth. Rose did not intend to have a child after she got married. She didn't want her child to have the same experience. But Rose's husband Mr. Rob Hoffman, who tried to encouraged her to change her mind. Rose went to have an examination while the first pregnancy, the results is that the mutant gene has been passed to her child. But Hoffman couples want this kid anyway. Rose hopes that in future when her two daughters face difficult decisions, she can be their moral support. They need to consider marriage and motherhood someday in the future. A very small differences in gene changed Rose's hand. However, her life is so colorful. She lets others understand her and also willing to share her life. We can say this is the quality she wish to pass on the next generation.?

Film clip : DNA-1-5

原始生命形式
地球上出現第一個生命至今已有40億，這些遺傳密碼成功地傳遞了無數世代，同時個別基因的些微改變，也創造了各式各樣的生命型態。
It has been 40 billion since the first life show up on Earth. These genetic codes have been successfully delivered countless generations.
酵母菌在將近十億年前出現，在它的藍圖裡面，也有類似果蠅和人類身上所發現操縱基因，這個基因負責決定酵母菌的性別，有些科學家相信就是這個基因，最後負責決定人體的形狀和動物演化完全不同。在植物生命形式裡，科學家也發現了這種操縱基因，只有三種基因負責決定花朵、花萼和葉片的生長，並創造出各式各樣的植物生命形式。
Yeast comes out nearly one billion years ago. In its blueprint, there is a similar operator gene with fruit fly and humans. This gene is responsible for determining the sex of the yeast. Some scientists believe it is this gene. In plant life forms, the scientists have also discovered this kind of operator gene. There are only three genes responsible for determining growth of the flowers, calyx and blade.
首度出現在六億年前，各式各樣的昆蟲，但只有八種操縱基因決定這全部的種類。大約四億年前操縱基因讓有魚鰭的魚類長出腳，創造出兩棲類，讓生命第一次踏上陸地，之後那些腳漸漸演化出創造文明的人類雙手。後來地球上出現哺乳類，蝙蝠的翅膀和人類的手臂看起來也許不一樣，但現在科學家相信它們只是長短不同的骨頭，在操縱基因的命令下生長成形。藉由代代相傳的操縱基因地球上的生命，不但保護了它的基本形式，也更豐富了變化，變成三千萬種不同的生命。
Insect first appears 600 million years ago. There are wide varieties of insects, but they are all under eight operator genes control. Approximately 400 million years ago, the operator genes make fish to grow feet, and then amphibian comes out. Those feet evolved gradually to become human hands. Later on, mammals come out on the Earth. Although bat wings and human arm looks very different, but scientists believe they are actually the same thing. Through operator genes, they protect the basic form of lives on the earth, and also enrich the diversities, creating 30million different kinds of lives.
所有生命都有基因，地球上的所有生命都擁有從父母身上傳下的一條漫長的基因鍊，這條連接地球上所有生命的基因鍊，也存在人類的身上。基因也證明了人類也來自地球上的第一個生命，基因的連結一代代地傳遞，這種無止無盡的生命重複，形成並豐富了地球上多樣的生命，地球上的生命一直依賴著這種生命連結，它連結著孩子和父母，生命與另一個生命，全繫於這條基因的細線DNA。
All lives have genes, and all life on Earth have descended from the parents of a long chain of genes. This genetic chain that connects all lives on earth can be found in human body too. Gene also proves that the humans were the first life on earth. Gene can be pass on generation by generation. This endless life cycle forms and enriches the diversity of lives. We all rely on this kind of life links, which connects children with parents, life to another life, all of it comes from this thin line DNA.

Film clip : DNA-1-6