¹q·P¡B RLC ¹q¸ô»P¥æ¬y¹q
¹qºÏ·PÀ³ (Induction) »P ¹q·P (Inductance)
¨âÓ¹êÅç¡]ºÏ°Ê¥Í¹q¡^
¤@¡BºÏ´Î²¾ªñ²¾»·¡A½u°é¤Wªº¹q¬y
¤G¡B¨âÓ¬Û¾Fªº½u°é¡A¨ä¤@¹q¬y¶}Ãö©Ò³y¦¨¤§¥t¤@½u°é¤Wªº¹q¬y
ªk©Ô²Ä·PÀ³©w«ß
ªk©Ô²Ä¤F¸Ñ¨ì¡A³y¦¨¤Wz¨â¶µ²{¶H¡A¬O¥Ñ©ó½u°é¤ºªººÏ¤O¡]³õ¡^½u¼Æ¥Ø§ïÅÜ©Ò³y¦¨¡C
ΦB = ∫ B · dA
E = - d ΦB / dt
·«¦¸©w«ß
ªk©Ô²Äµoªíªº¹qºÏ·PÀ³©w«ß쥻¤£¥]§t¥¿t¸¹¡C¤£¤[«á¡A·«¦¸´£¥X¤@Ó³W«h (rule)¡]«áºÙ·«¦¸©w«ß¡^¨Ó¤è«K¦a´yz·PÀ³¹q¬yªº¤è¦V¡C³oÓ³W«h»¡¡G·PÀ³¹q¬yªº¤è¦V¬O·|Åý¸Ó¹q¬y©Ò²£¥ÍªººÏ³õ¨Ó©è§Ü½u°é¤ººÏ³õªº§ïÅÜ¡C
¡]³oÓ³¯zÁÙ¦nº¡¦n¥Îªº¡A¦³ªí¹F¥X¤@¥¹¦bªÅ¶¡¤¤«Ø¥ß¤FºÏ³õ¤§«á¡A¦³¦pºD©Ê¤@¯ë¤£Ä@¥¥Õ®ø¥¢ªº¯S©Ê¡C¡^
¹q¦N¥L
¨£¹Ï
¹qºÏ·PÀ³»P¯à¶qÂà´«
n«P¦¨¦³©è§Ü©Êªº¹qºÏ·PÀ³ªº²{¶H¡A´N»Ýn¥Î¬I¤O§@¥\¡A§Y¨Ï¤£¦Ò¼{¹qºÏ·PÀ³¹Lµ{©Ò¤Þµoªº¹qºÏªi¡A¦¹¤@§@¥\¤]·|±a¨Ó¼ö¯Ó¡C¦b¥»¸`§Ú̸յۨӦôºâ¦¹¼ö®ø¯Ó·|¬O¦h¤Ö¡C
§ÚÌn³B²zªº±¡ªp¡A¦p¹Ï 30-10
(1) ¨D¥\²v±q P = F v ¤½¦¡¥Xµo
E = - dΦB / dt = d/dt (B L x) = B L dx/dt = B L v
i = E / R = B L v / R
F = i L × B
F = i L B = ( B L v / R ) L B = B2 L2 v / R
P = F v = B2 L2 v2 / R¡]¥\²v¡^
¥t¥~¡A
(2) ±q¼ö¯à·l¯Ó P = i2 R ªº¨¤«×¨Ó¬Ý
P = ( B L v / R )2 R = B2 L2 v2 / R¡]¼ö¯à¥\²v¡^
¨âºØ¤ÀªR¤è¦¡¤§µ²½×¤@¼Ë¡C
MRI ±½´y³y¦¨ªº¶Ë¿S
MRI Àˬd®É¨Åén½ö¦b¥¥x°e¤J¶i¤J±jºÏ³õ¡]¤~¯à©Ô¶}®ÖºÏ¯x¡^¡AnÁקK¨Åé»P¥ô¦ó¾É½u¦³¨âÓ±µÄ²ÂI¦Ó§Î¦¨°j¸ô¡C
´õ¹q¬y (Eddy Curent)
ª÷ÄݪO¦b¦³¡BµLºÏ³õªºÃä¬É¤W²¾°Ê¡A¬Û·í©óºÏ³q¶q´î¤Ö¡A¬G¦b¦³¡BµLºÏ³õ¥æ¬É³B·|¦³·PÀ³¹q¬y¡C¨£¹Ï 30-14 (a)¡B(b)
Induction Furnace ·PÀ³º²Äl
§Q¥Î°ªÀWªº¹q¬yÅܤơA½u°é¤º¥i²£¥Í°ª³tÅܤƪººÏ³õ¡C¸mª÷ÄÝ©ó½u°é¤º¡Aª÷ÄÝ¥i³Qº²¤Æ¦AË¥X¡C
¹qºÏÄl¤£¯à¥Î¾TÁç¡H
¹qºÏÄl (induction cooker) ´N¬O¥Î°ªÀW¹q¡]Àô¡^¬yªººÏ³õÅܤơA¦ý¬O¤j³¡¤Àªº¥«°â¹qºÏÄl¹ï¾T¡B»ÉÁ礣¾A¥Î¡]¤£°÷¼ö¡^¡A¬°¤°»ò©O¡H
¦³¹qºÏÄl¤º«Ø°»´ú¾¹¡A¾T¡B»ÉÁ礣³Q·P´ú¡A«h½u°é¤W¹q¬y¤£±Ò°Ê¡]´²¼ö·®°¤]¤£¶}¡A¥iťť¬Ý¡^¡C
´õ¹q¬y¤£·|Åý§AIJ¹q¡A¦]¬°Ä²¹q»F¦]©ó¹q¬yn¬y¹L¨Åé¡C¦Ó´õ¹q¬y¦bª÷Äݤ¤¨«ªº¬O«Ê³¬ªº¸ô½u¡A§Y¨Ï¨Å鱵IJ¤]¤£·|Åý¹q¬y¬y¹L¨Åé¡]³o¨ú©ó©ó¹q¦ì®t¡^¡C
·PÀ³¹q³õ
¹ï½u°é¦Ó¨¥¡AºÏ³q¶qÅܤƳy¦¨·PÀ³¹q°Ê¶Õ¡A¦ý§ó¤@¯ë©Ê¦a¨Ó»¡¡A¬O¦]¬°¦³·PÀ³¹q³õªºµo¥Í¤~¦³·PÀ³¹q°Ê¶Õ¡Aªk©Ô²Ä©w«ßªº§ó¤@¯ë©Ê¼gªk¬O¡G
∫CL E · ds = - dΦB / dt
¦pªGn¦A¶i¤@¨B¦aª¾¹DªÅ¶¡¦U³B ¹q³õªºÅܤơA«h¶·¥õ¿àªk©Ô²Ä©w«ßªº·L¤À«¬¦¡¡]¥H«á·|¤¶²Ð¡^¡C
¹q¦ì·sÆ[ (A New Look)
·PÀ³¹q³õªº¹q¤O½u§Î¦¨«Ê³¬°j¸ô¡A¦ÓÀR¹q²ü²£¥Íªº¹q¤O½u«h©l©ó¥¿¹q²ü¡B²×©ót¹q²ü¡C¡]Y«D±`»·³B¦³¤@Ót¹q²ü²¾¶}¤Fì¦ìÓ_¡A¨º¹q¤O½u«ç¿ì¡H³o¬OÃD¥~¸Ü¡AÄݹqºÏªiªºÄ³ÃD¡C¡^
Á`¤§¡A"¹q¦ì"¶È¹ïÀR¤î¹q²ü©Ò²£¥Íªº¹q³õ¦³·N¸q¡A¹ï·PÀ³©Ò²£¥Í̹q³õ«h¨S¦³·N¸q"¡C
¹q·P¾¹ (inductor) ¤Î ¹q·P (inductance)
«e¨Ò¬Ý¥X½u°é¥i³y¦¨·PÀ³²{¶H¡A¹q¸ô¾Ç²Å¸¹«K¥HÁ³½u°é¥Nªí¹q·P¾¹¡C
©w¸q¤@Ó¤¸¥óªº¹q·P¬° L
L = N ΦB / i
¨ä¤¤ i ¬O¹q¬y¡BN ¬O¥`¼Æ¡AΦB ¬OºÏ³q¶q¡C
Á³½uºÞªº¹q·P
N PhiB = (n l) (B A)
B = μ0 i n
L = N ΦB / i = (n l) (B A) / i = (n l) (μ0 i n) A / i = μ0 n2 l A
¦]¦¹³æ¦ìªø«×ªºÁ³½uºÞ¹q·P¬O
L / l = μ0 n2 A
¡]¥Ñ¦¹¦¡¤]¥i¬Ý¥X¡Aμ0 ¤]¥iªí¥Ü¬° ¦ë§Q¡þ¤½¤Ø¡^
¦Û·P (Self-induction)
¦b½u¸ô¤¤ªº¤¸¥ó¡A¥un¨ã¦³³z¹L¹q¬y½u°é«Ø¥ßºÏ³õªº¯à¤O¡A¸Ó½u°é¦ÛµM·|¦³ºÏ³q¶q¡A¤]¦]¦¹´N¦³¦Û¦æµo¥Í¡]¹qºÏ¡^·PÀ³ ªº±¡ªp¡C
ÃöÁä¡G½u°é¤£¥u¬O²£¥ÍºÏ³õ¡A½u°é¦Í²Î¤]¦³¥]¨ì¦Û¤w²£¥ÍªººÏ³q¶q
®Ú¾Ú¹q·P L ªº©w¸q¡A¥¦¹q¬y¤j¤p i¡B½u°é¥`¼Æ N ¥H¤ÎºÏ³q¶q¤j¤p ΦB ¦³Ãö¡C
L = N ΦB / i
N ΦB = L i
¥Ñªk©Ô²Ä©w«ß
EL = - d(NΦB) / dt
¬G
EL = - L di / dt
¥H¤W¬O¦Û·P¹q°Ê¶Õ
RL ¹q¸ô
¹Ï 30-19 ¬O¤@Ó RL ¹q¸ô¡A¦³ switch ¥i¥H¤Á´«¬O§_¨Ï¥Î¹q¦À¡C
®Ú¾Ú°j¸ô³W«h¡A«ö¹qªý¡B¹q·P¾¹¡B¹q¦Àªº¦s¦b¤À§O¦³ - i R ¡B - L di/dt ¡B+ E
- i R - L di/dt + E = 0
L di/dt + R i = E ¡]RL ¹q¸ô¡^
³oÓ¤èµ{¦¡ªº¸Ñ¬O
i = E / R (1 - e-Rt/L)
®É¶¡±`¼Æ τL = L / R
·í¤Á¨ìµL¹q¦Àªºª¬ºA¡G
L di/dt + R i = 0
¨ä¸Ñ¬O
i = E / R e-Rt/L = i0 e-Rt/L
¨ä¤¤ i0 ¬Oªì©l¹q¬y
ºÏ³õ¤¤©Ò¶J¦sªº¯à¶q
®Ú¾Ú¥ý«e¤w¸g«Ø¥ßªºµ²ªG¡A¹q·P¾¹ªº·PÀ³¹q°Ê¶Õ¬°
EL = L di / dt
¬G¨ä¥\²v
dUB / dt = EL i = L i di / dt
∫0UB dUB = ∫0i L i di
UB = 1/2 L i2
¡]¤ñ¸û¹q®e©Ò¶J¦sªº¯à¶q¡GUE = 1/2 (1/C) q2 ¡^
ºÏ³õªº¯à¶q±K«×
¦Ò¼{Á³½uºÞ¾aªñ¤¤¶¡ªº¤@¬qªø l¡A¨äºI±¿n A¡B¹q¬y i ¡AºÞ¥~ºÏ³õ¬°¹s¡A¥BºÞ¤ººÏ³õ§¡¤Ã¡A¦]¦¹¯à¶q±K«×
uB = UB / (A l)
«e¤w¦³
UB = 1/2 L i2
¬G
uB = L i2 / 2 A l
¨ä¤¤ L ¬O l ªø¤§Á³½uºÞªº¾ãÅé¹q·P¡A¦³¤½¦¡ L / l = μ0 n2 A ¡A¨ä¤¤ n ¬O³æ¦ìªø«×¤º¥`¼Æ¡A¥N¤J¤W¦¡«h
uB = 1/2 μ0 n2 i2
§ó«nªº¬OÁ³½uºÞ¤ººÏ³õ»P¹q¬yªºÃö«Y¬O B = μ0 i n¡A¬G
uB = B2 / 2 μ0
¥H¤WÁö¬O¥ÑÁ³½uºÞ¾É¥X¡A¦ý¹ï¥ô¦óºÏ³õ¬Ò¦¨¥ß¡C
¡] ¤ñ¸û¹q³õªº¯à¶q±K«× uE = 1/2 ε0 E2 ¡^
¤¬·P
¦Ò¼{¨â²Õ«Ü±µªñªº½u°é¡A
¥ý¥H Φ21 ¥Nªí ¥Ñ½u°é 1 ©Ò²£¥Í¡A³q¹L N2 ¥`¤§ 2 ¸¹½u°éªººÏ³q¶q¡A¤S©w¸q½u°é 2 ¹ïÀ³©ó½u°é 1 ªº¤¬·P M21¡A «h®Ú¾Ú¹q·Pªº°ò¥»©w¸q¡]¨£´£¿ô¡^¡A¦³¡G
M21 = N2 Φ21 / i1
´£¿ô¡G¬°¤°»òn³o¼Ë©w¸q¹q·PÈ¡HºÏ³q¶qÅܤƾÉP·PÀ³¹q°Ê¶Õ¡A¥»¨Ó¤x¸g¦³ªk©Ô²Ä©w«ß´yz¡CµM¦Ó¡A©T©w¹q¬y²£¥Í©T©wªººÏ³õ¡A´N¤£·|¦³ºÏ³q¶qªºÅܤơA§ÚÌY·Qn´yz·PÀ³¹q°Ê¶Õ»P¹q¬yÅܤƪºÃö«Y¡A´N»Ýn¥H L i = N ΦB ªº¤è¦¡©w¸q¹q·P¡A¦]¬°¨âÃä¦U¹ï®É¶¡·L¤À d/dt¡CEL = - L di / dt = - N dΦB / dt ¡C
¤Wz©w¸q¾ÉP
M21 i1 = N2 Φ21
¨âÃä¦P®É¹ï ®É¶¡·L¤À d/dt¡A±o
M21 di1/dt = N2 dΦ21/dt
E2 = - N2 dΦ21/dt = - M21 di1/dt
E2 = - M21 di1/dt
¦P²z¡A
E1 = - M12 di2/dt
¥t¥~¡A¥i¥HÃÒ©ú¡]¦b½Ò¤å¤¤¨SÃÒ¡^
M12 = M21 = M
¦]¦¹¤W¨â¦¡Â²¤Æ¬°
E2 = - M di1/dt
E1 = - M di2/dt
¹qºÏ®¶Àú
¹q¾Ç»P¤O¾Çªº¬Û¦ü©Ê
¨£ªí
LC ®¶Àúªº©w¶q¤ÀªR
½è¶q¶ô¡Ð¼u®®¶Àú¾¹
¦¹¨t²Î¥ô¤@®É¨èÁ`¯à¬O
U = Ub + Us = 1/2 m v2 + 1/2 k x2
³o¬O¤@Ó»P®É¶¡µLÃöªº±`¼Æ¡A¬G¨ä¹ï®É¶¡ªº¤@¶¥¾É¼Æ¬°¹s¡C¹ï¤W¦¡§@¹ï®É¶¡·L¤À¤@¦¸¨Ã¥O¬°¹s¡A¨Ã§Q¥Î v = dx/dt ¡Bdv/dt = d2x/dt2 ªº¬J¦³Ãö«Y¡A±o¨ì¹B°Ê¤èµ{¦¡
m d2x/dt2 + kx = 0
¤W¦¡ªº³q¸Ñ¬O
x = X cos(ωt + φ)
LC ®¶Àú¾¹
U = UB + UE = 1/2 L i2 + q2 /2C
dU / dt := 0 ¡]¥O¬°¹s¡^
L d2q/dt2 + (1/C) q = 0
¹q²ü»P¹q¬y®¶Àú
¨¤ÀW²v
ω0 = 1 / √(LC)
¹q¯à»PºÏ¯à¤§®¶Àú
LC ®¶ÀúªºÀ³¥Î
¦¬µ¾÷¡B¹qµøªº¿ï¥x¾¹¡CÃöÁä¬O¦@®¶¡C
RLC ¹q¸ôªºªý¥§®¶Àú
¥æ¬y¹q
¥æ¬y¹q°Ê¶Õ
¨Ï¥Î¥æ¬y¹qªº¥Dn¦n³B¬O¥¦¥i¥H³z¹LÅÜÀ£¾¹§ïÅܹq¦ì®tªº¤j¤p¡A¥t¤@Ó¦n³B«h¬O¥æ¬y¹q§ó¾A¦Xµo¹q¾÷¡B°¨¹Fµ¥Âà°Ê¦¡¹q¾÷¾÷±ñªºªº¹B§@¤è¦¡¡A¨£¹Ï¡A¤@Ó¥æ¬yµo¹q¾÷¡G
E = Emax sin ωdt
¨ä¤¤ ωd ¥s°µÅX°ÊÀW²v¡CY¦¹µo¹q¾÷¬O°j¸ôªº¤@³¡¤À¡A«h±N¦b°j¸ô¤¤³y¦¨¤@Ó¥¿©¶Åܤƪº¹q¬y
i = I sin (ωdt - φ)
ª`·N³oùعq¬y¤¤¦h¤F¬Û¦ì¡A³o¬O¦]¬°¹q¬y¤£¤@©w¸ò¹q°Ê¶Õ¦P¬Û¦ì¡C
±j¢®¶Àú
¤TºØt¸ü¹q¸ô
¹qªý©Êt¸ü
E - vR = 0
²¾¶µ
vR = Emax sin ωdt
¹ï¹qªý¡AVR = Emax ¡]®¶´T¡^
vR = VR sin ωdt
¨D¹q¬y¡A¼g¤U¹q¬yº¡¨¬ªº¤èµ{¦¡
iR = vR / R = VR/R sin ωdt
¬G¹q¬y¥i¼g¦¨
iR = I R sin ( ωdt - φ)
¨ä¤¤¬Û¦ì±`¼Æ φ = 0 ¡A¥B©w¸q
VR = IR R
¦¹Ãö«Y¥i¥Î¤§¥ô¦ó AC ¹q¸ô¤¤¤§¹qªý¡A¨£¹Ï¡C
¹q®e©Êt¸ü
¦p¹Ï
vC = VC sin ωdt
¨ä¤¤ VC ¬O¹q®e¾¹¨âºÝªº¹qÀ£®¶´T¡A¥Ñ¹q®eªº©w¸q¡A¦¹¹qÀ£¨Ó¦Û
qC = C vC =C VC sin ωdt
¨D¹q¬y¡A§ä¥X¹q¬yº¡¨¬ªº¤èµ{¦¡
iC = d qC / dt = ωd C VC cos ωdt
·Q§â iC ªí¥Ü¦¨¼Ð·Ç§Î¦¡¥H§Q¤ñ¸û
iC = I C sin ( ωdt - φ)
iC = (VC / XC) sin ( ωdt + 90.deg)
«h¶·©w¸q "®e§Ü" (capasitive reactance)
XC = 1/ ωd C
¥B¹q¬y¤§¬Û¦ì±`¼Æ¬° -90 «×¡C
©ñ¬G¹ï¹q®e¤§t¸ü¦Ó¨¥¡A¹qÀ£®¶´T»P¹q¬y®¶´TªºÃö«Y¬O¡G
V C = I C X C
¨£¹Ï¡C
§ÚÌ¥i¥H²M·¡¬Ý¨ì¡A-90 «×¬Û¦ì®t¨Ó¦Û©ó¦]¬°¹q¬yªº¿n¤À¤~¦P¨B©óÅX°Ê¹q°Ê¶Õ¡C
¹q·P©Êt¸ü
¸Ë¸m¦p¹Ï
·PÀ³¹q°Ê¶Õ¨Ó¦ÛÅX°Ê¹q°Ê¶Õ
vL = VL sin ωdt
¦Ó¥¦»P¹q¬yªºÃö«Y¬O
vL = L diL / dt
¬G
diL / dt = VL/ L sin ωdt
diL = VL/ L sin(ωdt) dt
iL = ∫ diL = ∫ VL/ L sin(ωdt) dt = - (VL/ ωdL) cos(ωdt)
¤@¼Ë¬°¤Fªí¬°¼Ð·Ç§Î¦¡
©w¸q "·P§Ü" (inductive reactance)
XL = ωd L
±o
iL = IL sin ( ωdt - φ)
φ= 90 deg
VL= IL XL
(compare V = I R, VC = IC RC)
¨£¹Ï
RLC ¦êÁp°j¸ô
¥Ñ©ó¬O¦êÁp¡A¦]¦¹¬y¸g¦U¤¸¥óªº¹q¬y³£¬O¦P¤@Ó¹q¬y¨ç¼Æ
i = I sin(ωdt - φ)
¡]½Ðª`·N¡AY«D¦p¦¹¡A±N¾ÉP²b¹q²ü²Ö¿n©ó°j¸ô¬Y³B¡A§Y«K¬O¹q®e¾¹¤]µLªk±µ¨ü¡C¡^
§ÚÌn¨Dªº¬O¹q¬yÈ i »P¬Û¦ì¨¤ φ¡A¥»¸`¥Îªº¬O¬Û¦ì¹Ï³oºØ²¤Æªº¤èªk¨D¸Ñ¡C
¹q¬y®¶´T
¥Ñ°j¸ôªk«h¡A¹q¦ì»Ýº¡¨¬
E = vR + vC +vL
§â¹qÀ£¡]¹q°Ê¶Õ¡^¥Î¬Û¶q (phasor) ªí¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡A¦p¹Ï 31-14¡A¤W¦¡µ¥¸¹¥kÃä¬O (b) ¹Ï¡Bµ¥¸¹¥ªÃä¬O (c) ¹Ï¡C
vC ¡B vL ¥ý²Õ¦X¦Ó±o (d) ¹Ï¡A³Ì«á¦A¥Î²¦¤ó©w²z¡A±o¥XÃö«Y
Emax2 = VR2 + (VL - VC)2 = I2 (R2 + (XL - XC)2)
ªí¥Ü¬°¹q¬y®¶´T¡A«h¬°
I = Emax / √(R2 + (XL - XC)2)
©w¸q "ªý§Ü" (impedance)
Z ≡ √( R2 + (XL - XC)2 )
«h¹q¬y®¶´T¬°
I = Emax / Z
¤W¦¡¥N¤J XL »P XC ªºì©w¸qÈ¡A¦U¤¸¥óªº¯S©Ê¶q¤ñ¸û¬Ý±o²M·¡¡G
I = Emax / √(R2 + (ωdL - 1/ωdC)2)
§ÚÌ¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¡AI ªºÈ¬O ωdL »P 1/ωdC ªº®t¶Z¨M¬Oªº¡C
¥H¤W´yzªº¬O±µ¤W¥æ¬y¹q°Ê¶Õ«áªºÃ©wª¬ºA¡]steady-state¡^¡A·í¹q°Ê¶Õè±µ¤W¹q¸ô®É¡A·|²£¥Í¤@ӼȺA¹q¬y (transient current)¡C¦¹¼ÈºA®É¶¡¬O¥Ñ L/R ¤Î RC ¨âӮɶ¡±`¼Æ¨M©wªº¡CY¥¼¸g¥J²Óªºpºâ»P¹q¸ô³]p¡A¼ÈºA¹q¬y¦³¥i¯à·|¦b¹q·½¤@¶}°Ê®É·´Ãa¤@Ó°¨¹F¡A¤ñ¤è»¡¡C
¡]Ķ¥»´£¨ì¡A¼ÈºA¹q¬y¥i¯à·|«D±`¤j¡A¬°¤°»ò¡H¡^
¬Û¦ì±`¼Æ
±q¹Ï 31-14 (d) ¥i¬Ý¥X¬Û¦ì¨¤ phi ¨ã¦³¥H¤UÃö«Y
tanφ = ( VL - VC ) / VR = ( IXL - IXC ) / IR = ( XL - XC ) / R
³o´N¬O¬Û¦ì±`¼Æ¡C
¬Û¦ì¯S©Ê¥i¥H¤À¬°¤U±¤TºØ±¡§Î¡G
XL > XC¡G¹q·P¦¨¥÷¤j©ó¹q®e¦¨¤À¡A¬Û¦ì¨¤¬°¥¿È¡C
XL < XC¡G¹q®e¦¨¥÷¤j©ó¹q·P¦¨¤À¡A¬Û¦ì¨¤¬°tÈ¡C
XL = XC¡G¦@®¶¡A¦¹®É¬Û¦ì¨¤¬°¹s«×¡C
¦@®¶
¹ïµ¹©wªº R È¡A³Ì¤j¹q¤§®¶´Tµo¥Í¦b
ωdL = 1/ωdC
§Y
ωd = 1/ √(L C)
¨ä¹ê RLC ¹q¸ô¡]R ¤£¤jªÌ¡^ªº¦ÛµMÀW²v¬O 1/ √(L C)¡A¦¹§Y¦@®¶¡C
¤p ωd ®É¡A¬O·P§Ü¤p¡B®e§Ü¤j¡F¤j ωd ®É¡A¬O®e§Ü¤p¡B·P§Ü¤j¡C
¦@®¶¦±½u§CÀWªº³¡¤À¥Ñ®e§Ü©Ò¤ä°t¡A°ªÀWªº³¡¤À¥Ñ·P§Ü©Ò¤ä°t¡]§CÀW¹q¬y¦³§Q¥R¹q¡A¦Ó°ªÀW¹q¬y³y¦¨¹qºÏ·PÀ³¤j¡^¡C
¥æ¬y¹q¸ô¤¤ªº¥\²v
RLC ¹q¸ô¤¤¯à¶qªº¨Ó·½¬Oµo¹q¾÷¡A¸Ó¯à¶q¤@³¡¤À¶J¦s©ó¹q®e¾¹ªº¹q³õ¤¤¡A¤@³¡¤À¶J¦s©ó¹q·P¾¹ªººÏ³õ¤¤¡A³Ñ¤Uªº«h¦b¹qªý¾¹¥H¼ö¯àªº¤è¦¡®ø¯Ó±¼¡C¡C
P = i2 R = [I sin(ωdt - φ)]2 R
sin2 θ ªº¶g´Á¥§¡¬O 1/2
¬G
Pavg = 1/2 I2 R = (I/ √2)2 R
©w Irms = I/ √2
Pavg = Irms2 R
¦Pªk¡A¥i©w
Vrms = V / √2 ¤Î Erms = Emax / √2
²{¦b¡A¥Ñ©ó Irms = I/ √2 ¥B Erms = Emax / √2 ¡A³£®t¤@¼Ëªº√2
§Ṳ́]¥i¥H§â¤§«e«Ø¥ßªº I = Emax / Z §ï¼g¬°«Ü±`¥Îªº§Î¦¡
Irms = Erms / Z
¦p¦¹¥i±o
Pavg = Irms Irms R = (Erms / Z) Irms R = Erms Irms (R/Z) = Erms Irms cosφ
¥H¤W¬O¥§¡¥\²vªº¤½¦¡¡A¨ä¤¤ cosφ ºÙ¬°¥\²v¦]¤l (power factor)¡Cn¹F¨ì¿é¯à¦Ü¹qªýªº³Ì¤j¥\²v¡A»Ý¨Ï cosφ ±µªñ 1¡C
ÅÜÀ£¾¹ (transformer)
¹q¤O°t°e¡G¯à¶Ç¿éªº»Ý¨D
Pavg = E I
(7.35 × 105 V ) ( 500 A) = 368MW
Pavg = I2 R
(500 A)2 (220 Ω) = 55 MW
·l¯Ó¬ù 15%
¹qÀ£°§C¦¨¤@¥b
(1000 A)2 (220 Ω) = 220 MW
¤v¹F 60% ªº·l¯Ó
²z·QÅÜÀ£¾¹
°ò©ó¥Î¹qªº¦w¥þ¡]§C¹qÀ£¡^»P°§C¶Ç¿éªº·l¯Ó¡]°ª¹qÀ£¡^¡A§ÚÌ»Ýn¨Ï¥ÎÅÜÀ£¾¹¨Ó§ïÅܹq¦ì®t¡C¦Ó«O¯d "¹q¬y×¹qÀ£" ªº¿n¬O©wÈ¡C¡]¨S¦³ª½¬yªºÅÜÀ£¾¹¡^
¨£¹Ï 31-18¡A¶}Ãö¦b S ¡A½u°é¡]¦³µ´½t¡^¶¦bÅKªä¤W¡]ÅKªä¥»¨¦A¤ùª¬µ´½t¶K¦X¡A¥H´î¤Ö´õ¹q¬y¡^¡C
¦]¬° E = - d(NΦB)/dt
©Ò¥H Eturn = E/N = - dΦB / dt
¥Ñ©óºÏ³q¶q¬O¬Û¦Pªº¡A¦]¦¹¥D (primary) ½u°é»P¦¸ (secondary) ½u°éªº¨C¥`¹q°Ê¶Õ¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡A
Eturn = Vp / Np = Vs / Ns
Vs = Vp (Ns/Np)
Y¥`¼Æ Ns > Np ¡A«h Vs > Vp ¡A´N¥s¤ÉÀ£ÅÜÀ£¾¹¡C
Y¶}Ãö S ¥´¶}¡]Â_¸ô¡^¡A«h
°j¸ô¦b¶}Ãö S Ãö¤W¡]³q¸ô¡^«á·|µo¥Íªº¨Æ¡G
¡]¨£½Ò¥»´yz¡^
°²³]µL¯à¶q·l¥¢¡A«hµo¹q¾÷¨ì¥D½u°éªº¯à¶q¶Ç°e²v Ip Vp ´N·|µ¥©ó Is Vs¡A¦]¦¹¦³
Is = Ip Np / Ns
¤W¦¡§i¶D§ÚÌ¡A¹q¬yªºÂà´«¥ç¨ú¨M©ó¥`¼Æ¤ñ¡C
¥X²{¦b¥D¹q¸ôªº¹q¬y Ip ¬O¦]¬°¦³¹qªý¶¸ü R ¦b°Æ¹q¸ô¤W¡An§ä¥X Ip ¡A¥Ñ¤W¦¡
Ip = Is Ns / Np
¦A®³ Is = Vs / R ¡A¨Ã¥B¥Î¤W¤F«e±¤w¦³¤§ Vs = Vp (Ns/Np)¡A«h±o
Ip = 1/R (Ns/Np)2 Vp =Vp / Req
¨ä¤¤ Req = (Np/Ns)2 R ¡A¬O¥D½u¸ô¦]°Æ½u¸ô¤º¦³¹qªýt¸ü¦Ó·P¨ü¨ìªºµ¥®Ä¹qªý¡C
ªý§Ü¤Ç°t
YnÅý¹q²v¶Õ³Ì¦³®ÄÂà¦C¹qªý©Êt¸ü¤W¡A«hªý§Ün¤Ç°t¡A§Y¥D¡B°Æ½u¸ôªý§Ü¬Û·í¡C
¤Ó¶§¬¡°Ê»P¿é¹qºô¸ô
¨£¹Ï
¨ÒÃD¡G
30-9
²ßÃD¡G
Ch.30. 45
Ch.30. 72
Ch.30. 75