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LC ¹q¸ô
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LC ®¶Àúªº©w¶q¤ÀªR
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U = Ub + Us = 1/2 m v2 + 1/2 k x2
³o¬O¤@Ó»P®É¶¡µLÃöªº±`¼Æ¡A¬G¨ä¹ï®É¶¡ªº¤@¶¥¾É¼Æ¬°¹s¡C¹ï¤W¦¡§@¹ï®É¶¡·L¤À¤@¦¸¨Ã¥O¬°¹s¡A¨Ã§Q¥Î v = dx/dt ¡Bdv/dt = d2x/dt2 ªº¬J¦³Ãö«Y¡A±o¨ì¹B°Ê¤èµ{¦¡
d2x / dt2 + k/m x = 0
¤W¦¡ªº³q¸Ñ¬O
x = X cos(ωt + φ)
LC ®¶Àú¾¹
U = UB + UE = 1/2 L i2 + q2 /2C
dU / dt := 0 ¡]¥O¬°¹s¡^
d2q / dt2 + (1/LC) q = 0
¡]¦^·Q¼u®½è¶q¶ô¨t²Î¡Gd2x/dt2 + (k/m) x = 0¡^
¨ä¸Ñªº®É¶¡¨ç¼ÆÅܤƦp¤U¡G
³q¸Ñ§Î¦¡ q(t) = qmax cos( ω0 t - φ)
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ω0 = 1/ √(LC)
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¹q²üÈ q ¼¤W¹q¦ì´N¬O¹q¯à§@¥\ ¡]¤£¬O¹q¦ì¯à¡^¡A¦]¦¹¹q²ü´N¹³¤O¾Ç°ÝÃD¤¤¤§¦ì¸m¡C
¹q¬y i ¦n¹³³t«×¡A»P¼¯À¿¤O(¯Ó¯à)¦³Ãö¡C
«h di/dt ´N¬Û·í©ó¤O¾Ç°ÝÃD¤¤ªº¥[³t«×¡A¬G L di/dt ¶µ¤¤¤§¹q·P L §Y¬Û·í©ó½è¶q¡A»PºD©Ê¦³Ãö¡]«±q«e³¹ª¾¦¹ºÏ³õ¤@¥¹¦bªÅ¶¡¤¤³Q«Ø¥ß¡A´N¤£Ä@¥¥ÕµL¬G®ø¥¢¡A¡^¡C
LC ®¶ÀúªºÀ³¥Î
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RLC ¡]¦ê¦C¡^¹q¸ô
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¨Ï¥Î¥æ¬y¹qªº¥Dn¦n³B¬O¥¦¥i¥H³z¹LÅÜÀ£¾¹§ïÅܹq¦ì®tªº¤j¤p¡A¥t¤@Ó¦n³B«h¬O¥æ¬y¹q§ó¾A¦Xµo¹q¾÷¡B°¨¹Fµ¥Âà°Ê¦¡¹q¾÷¾÷±ñªºªº¹B§@¤è¦¡¡A¨£¹Ï¡A¤@Ó¥æ¬yµo¹q¾÷¡G
E = Emax sin ωdt
¨ä¤¤ ωd ¥s°µÅX°ÊÀW²v¡CY¦¹µo¹q¾÷¬O°j¸ôªº¤@³¡¤À¡A«h±N¦b°j¸ô¤¤³y¦¨¤@Ó¥¿©¶Åܤƪº¹q¬y
i = I sin (ωdt - φ)
ª`·N³oùعq¬y¤¤¦h¤F¬Û¦ì¡A³o¬O¦]¬°¹q¬y¤£¤@©w¸ò¹q°Ê¶Õ¦P¬Û¦ì¡C
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E - vR = 0
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vR = Emax sin ωdt
¹ï¹qªý¡AVR = Emax ¡]®¶´T¡^
vR = VR sin ωdt
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iR = vR / R = VR/R sin ωdt
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iR = I R sin ( ωdt - φ)
¨ä¤¤¬Û¦ì±`¼Æ φ = 0 ¡A¥B©w¸q
VR = IR R
¦¹Ãö«Y¥i¥Î¤§¥ô¦ó AC ¹q¸ô¤¤¤§¹qªý¡A¨£¹Ï¡C
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vC = VC sin ωdt
¨ä¤¤ VC ¬O¹q®e¾¹¨âºÝªº¹qÀ£®¶´T¡A¥Ñ¹q®eªº©w¸q¡A¦¹¹qÀ£¨Ó¦Û
qC = C vC =C VC sin ωdt
¨D¹q¬y¡A§ä¥X¹q¬yº¡¨¬ªº¤èµ{¦¡
iC = d qC / dt = ωd C VC cos ωdt
·Q§â iC ªí¥Ü¦¨¼Ð·Ç§Î¦¡¥H§Q¤ñ¸û
iC = I C sin ( ωdt - φ)
iC = (VC / XC) sin ( ωdt + 90.deg)
«h¶·©w¸q "®e§Ü" (capasitive reactance)
XC = 1/ ωd C
¥B¹q¬y¤§¬Û¦ì±`¼Æ¬° -90 «×¡C
©ñ¬G¹ï¹q®e¤§t¸ü¦Ó¨¥¡A¹qÀ£®¶´T»P¹q¬y®¶´TªºÃö«Y¬O¡G
V C = I C X C
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§ÚÌ¥i¥H²M·¡¬Ý¨ì¡A-90 «×¬Û¦ì®t¨Ó¦Û©ó¦]¬°¹q¬yªº¿n¤À¤~¦P¨B©óÅX°Ê¹q°Ê¶Õ¡C
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vL = VL sin ωdt
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vL = L diL / dt
¬G
diL / dt = VL/ L sin ωdt
diL = VL/ L sin(ωdt) dt
iL = ∫ diL = ∫ VL/ L sin(ωdt) dt = - (VL/ ωdL) cos(ωdt)
¤@¼Ë¬°¤Fªí¬°¼Ð·Ç§Î¦¡
©w¸q "·P§Ü" (inductive reactance)
XL = ωd L
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iL = IL sin ( ωdt - φ)
φ= 90 deg
VL= IL XL
(compare V = I R, VC = IC RC)
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RLC ¦êÁp°j¸ô
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i = I sin(ωdt - φ)
¡]½Ðª`·N¡AY«D¦p¦¹¡A±N¾ÉP²b¹q²ü²Ö¿n©ó°j¸ô¬Y³B¡A§Y«K¬O¹q®e¾¹¤]µLªk±µ¨ü¡C¡^
§ÚÌn¨Dªº¬O¹q¬yÈ i »P¬Û¦ì¨¤ φ¡A¥»¸`¥Îªº¬O¬Û¦ì¹Ï³oºØ²¤Æªº¤èªk¨D¸Ñ¡C
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E = vR + vC +vL
§â¹qÀ£¡]¹q°Ê¶Õ¡^¥Î¬Û¶q (phasor) ªí¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡A¦p¹Ï 31-14¡A¤W¦¡µ¥¸¹¥kÃä¬O (b) ¹Ï¡Bµ¥¸¹¥ªÃä¬O (c) ¹Ï¡C
vC ¡B vL ¥ý²Õ¦X¦Ó±o (d) ¹Ï¡A³Ì«á¦A¥Î²¦¤ó©w²z¡A±o¥XÃö«Y
Emax2 = VR2 + (VL - VC)2 = I2 (R2 + (XL - XC)2)
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I = Emax / √(R2 + (XL - XC)2)
©w¸q "ªý§Ü" (impedance)
Z ≡ √( R2 + (XL - XC)2 )
«h¹q¬y®¶´T¬°
I = Emax / Z
¤W¦¡¥N¤J XL »P XC ªºì©w¸qÈ¡A¦U¤¸¥óªº¯S©Ê¶q¤ñ¸û¬Ý±o²M·¡¡G
I = Emax / √(R2 + (ωdL - 1/ωdC)2)
§ÚÌ¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¡AI ªºÈ¬O ωdL »P 1/ωdC ªº®t¶Z¨M¬Oªº¡C
¥H¤W´yzªº¬O±µ¤W¥æ¬y¹q°Ê¶Õ«áªºÃ©wª¬ºA¡]steady-state¡^¡A·í¹q°Ê¶Õè±µ¤W¹q¸ô®É¡A·|²£¥Í¤@ӼȺA¹q¬y (transient current)¡C¦¹¼ÈºA®É¶¡¬O¥Ñ L/R ¤Î RC ¨âӮɶ¡±`¼Æ¨M©wªº¡CY¥¼¸g¥J²Óªºpºâ»P¹q¸ô³]p¡A¼ÈºA¹q¬y¦³¥i¯à·|¦b¹q·½¤@¶}°Ê®É·´Ãa¤@Ó°¨¹F¡A¤ñ¤è»¡¡C
¡]Ķ¥»´£¨ì¡A¼ÈºA¹q¬y¥i¯à·|«D±`¤j¡A¬°¤°»ò¡H¡^
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±q¹Ï 31-14 (d) ¥i¬Ý¥X¬Û¦ì¨¤ phi ¨ã¦³¥H¤UÃö«Y
tanφ = ( VL - VC ) / VR = ( IXL - IXC ) / IR = ( XL - XC ) / R
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XL > XC¡G¹q·P¦¨¥÷¤j©ó¹q®e¦¨¤À¡A¬Û¦ì¨¤¬°¥¿È¡C
XL < XC¡G¹q®e¦¨¥÷¤j©ó¹q·P¦¨¤À¡A¬Û¦ì¨¤¬°tÈ¡C
XL = XC¡G¦@®¶¡A¦¹®É¬Û¦ì¨¤¬°¹s«×¡C
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¹ïµ¹©wªº R È¡A³Ì¤j¹q¤§®¶´Tµo¥Í¦b
ωdL = 1/ωdC
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ωd = 1/ √(L C)
¨ä¹ê RLC ¹q¸ô¡]R ¤£¤jªÌ¡^ªº¦ÛµMÀW²v¬O 1/ √(L C)¡A¦¹§Y¦@®¶¡C
¤p ωd ®É¡A¬O·P§Ü¤p¡B®e§Ü¤j¡F¤j ωd ®É¡A¬O®e§Ü¤p¡B·P§Ü¤j¡C
¦@®¶¦±½u§CÀWªº³¡¤À¥Ñ®e§Ü©Ò¤ä°t¡A°ªÀWªº³¡¤À¥Ñ·P§Ü©Ò¤ä°t¡]§CÀW¹q¬y¦³§Q¥R¹q¡A¦Ó°ªÀW¹q¬y³y¦¨¹qºÏ·PÀ³¤j¡^¡C
RLC ¡]¦ê¦C¡^¥æ¬yÅX°Ê¹q¸ô (¤½¦¡¬ü¤Æª©)
¦p¦ó¨D¸Ñ¥H¤U°j¸ô¡H
´¶ª«ªºÃø«×³]©w¡A¨Ï¥Î phaser Im ¨Ó´yz ¹q¬y
«e±¤w¬Ý¨ì¡A¥æ¬y¹q°Ê¶Õªº¼vÅT¤U¡A
¹qªý¤Wªº¹q¬y i »P¨ä¸ó¤¸¥ó¹qÀ£ VR ¦P¬Û¦ì
¹q®e ¤Wªº¹q¬y i »â¥ý¨ä¸ó¤¸¥ó¹qÀ£ VC 90 «×
¹q·P ¤Wªº¹q¬y i ¸¨«á¨ä¸ó¤¸¥ó¹qÀ£ VL 90 «×
°j¸ô¤Wªº¹qÀ£¬°¤§¤¸¥óªºÁ`©M¡]¥æ¬y¹q°Ê¶Õªº¼vÅT¤w¤À§O¥[½Ñ¦b¦U§O¸ó¤¸¥ó¹qÀ£¤W¡^
V = vR + vC + vL
¥Ñ¬Û¦ìÃö«Y¡Aµø V ¬° phaser Vm ªº§ë¼v¡A
¦³
Vm2 = VR2 + (VL - VC)2
¦Ó VR¡BVL¡B VC ±q«e±ªºµ²ªG¡A¥B¦P¤@¡]¦ê¦C¡^°j¸ô¤W¹q¬y¥u¯à¬Û¦P¡A¦³
Vm2 = (Im R) 2 + (Im XL - Im XC)2
²¾¶µ¥i¸Ñ¥X Im
¥Ñ³oùØ©w¸q¥X impedance ¡]ªý§Ü¡^³oÓ¶q¡A¹ï¨M©w¦¹°j¸ô¤W¹q¬y®¶´T¤j¤p¬O«Ü¦³¥Îªº¡]¤]±o¨ì¤F²¤Æªº¹Ï¹³ Vm/Z¡^
±µ¤U¨Ó¡AÄ~Äò¸Ñ¹q¬yªº¬Û¦ì
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RLC ¹q¸ô¤¤¯à¶qªº¨Ó·½¬Oµo¹q¾÷¡A¸Ó¯à¶q¤@³¡¤À¶J¦s©ó¹q®e¾¹ªº¹q³õ¤¤¡A¤@³¡¤À¶J¦s©ó¹q·P¾¹ªººÏ³õ¤¤¡A³Ñ¤Uªº«h¦b¹qªý¾¹¥H¼ö¯àªº¤è¦¡®ø¯Ó±¼¡C¡C
P = i2 R = [I sin(ωdt - φ)]2 R
sin2 θ ªº¶g´Á¥§¡¬O 1/2
¬G
Pavg = 1/2 I2 R = (I/ √2)2 R
©w Irms = I/ √2
Pavg = Irms2 R
¦Pªk¡A¥i©w
Vrms = V / √2 ¤Î Erms = Emax / √2
²{¦b¡A¥Ñ©ó Irms = I/ √2 ¥B Erms = Emax / √2 ¡A³£®t¤@¼Ëªº√2
§Ṳ́]¥i¥H§â¤§«e«Ø¥ßªº I = Emax / Z §ï¼g¬°«Ü±`¥Îªº§Î¦¡
Irms = Erms / Z
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Pavg = Irms Irms R = (Erms / Z) Irms R = Erms Irms (R/Z) = Erms Irms cosφ
¥H¤W¬O¥§¡¥\²vªº¤½¦¡¡A¨ä¤¤ cosφ ºÙ¬°¥\²v¦]¤l (power factor)¡Cn¹F¨ì¿é¯à¦Ü¹qªýªº³Ì¤j¥\²v¡A»Ý¨Ï cosφ ±µªñ 1¡C
ÅÜÀ£¾¹ (transformer)
ÅÜÀ£¾¹°£¤FÅÜÀ£¥~¡A¥t¤@ÓÀ³¥Î¬O¨ó§U¹q°Ê¶Õ·½»P¯Ó¹q¯à¸Ë¸m¤§¶¡¹F¨ìªý§Ü¤Ç°t¡]¦ó¿×ªý§Ü¤Ç°t¡H¥´¨F¥]ªº¨Ò¤l¡^¡A¤~´£ª@¥\²v¶Ç»¼ªº®Ä²v¡]¬°¤°»ò¡H¡^¡C
¥x¹q¤S³Q½ðÃz ¶Â¤ßÅÜÀ£¾¹¿N¿ú 2 »õ
http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2012/new/may/5/today-fo1-2.htm
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Pavg = E I
(7.35 × 105 V ) ( 500 A) = 368MW
Pavg = I2 R
(500 A)2 (220 Ω) = 55 MW
·l¯Ó¬ù 15%
¹qÀ£°§C¦¨¤@¥b
(1000 A)2 (220 Ω) = 220 MW
¤v¹F 60% ªº·l¯Ó
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°ò©ó¥Î¹qªº¦w¥þ¡]§C¹qÀ£¡^»P°§C¶Ç¿éªº·l¯Ó¡]°ª¹qÀ£¡^¡A§ÚÌ»Ýn¨Ï¥ÎÅÜÀ£¾¹¨Ó§ïÅܹq¦ì®t¡C¦Ó«O¯d "¹q¬y×¹qÀ£" ªº¿n¬O©wÈ¡C¡]¨S¦³ª½¬yªºÅÜÀ£¾¹¡^
¨£¹Ï 31-18¡A¶}Ãö¦b S ¡A½u°é¡]¦³µ´½t¡^¶¦bÅKªä¤W¡]ÅKªä¥»¨¦A¤ùª¬µ´½t¶K¦X¡A¥H´î¤Ö´õ¹q¬y¡^¡C
¦]¬° E = - d(NΦB)/dt
©Ò¥H Eturn = E/N = - dΦB / dt
¥Ñ©óºÏ³q¶q¬O¬Û¦Pªº¡A¦]¦¹¥D (primary) ½u°é»P¦¸ (secondary) ½u°éªº¨C¥`¹q°Ê¶Õ¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡A
Eturn = Vp / Np = Vs / Ns
Vs = Vp (Ns/Np)
Y¥`¼Æ Ns > Np ¡A«h Vs > Vp ¡A´N¥s¤ÉÀ£ÅÜÀ£¾¹¡C
Y¶}Ãö S ¥´¶}¡]Â_¸ô¡^¡A«h
°j¸ô¦b¶}Ãö S Ãö¤W¡]³q¸ô¡^«á·|µo¥Íªº¨Æ¡G
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°²³]µL¯à¶q·l¥¢¡A«hµo¹q¾÷¨ì¥D½u°éªº¯à¶q¶Ç°e²v Ip Vp ´N·|µ¥©ó Is Vs¡A¦]¦¹¦³
Is = Ip Np / Ns
¤W¦¡§i¶D§ÚÌ¡A¹q¬yªºÂà´«¥ç¨ú¨M©ó¥`¼Æ¤ñ¡C
¥X²{¦b¥D¹q¸ôªº¹q¬y Ip ¬O¦]¬°¦³¹qªý¶¸ü R ¦b°Æ¹q¸ô¤W¡An§ä¥X Ip ¡A¥Ñ¤W¦¡
Ip = Is Ns / Np
¦A®³ Is = Vs / R ¡A¨Ã¥B¥Î¤W¤F«e±¤w¦³¤§ Vs = Vp (Ns/Np)¡A«h±o
Ip = 1/R (Ns/Np)2 Vp =Vp / Req
¨ä¤¤ Req = (Np/Ns)2 R ¡A¬O¥D½u¸ô¦]°Æ½u¸ô¤º¦³¹qªýt¸ü¦Ó·P¨ü¨ìªºµ¥®Ä¹qªý¡C
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http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/2175563
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